I understand that a surface modifier interacts with the metal in a profound way reacting with it. Some additive combinations would diffuse substances into the metal to improve the tribological characteristics for a lubricant to operate better and for the metal to resist wear.
A surface modifier is an aditive, but are we considering say MOS2, which coates surfaces with an easily shearable layer to reduce wear and is not destroyed and say EP additive which reacts chemically with the surfaces at high temperature /pressure to reduce wear and is destroyed (chemically changed).